Sleep apnea treatment options: CPAP, the best CPAP alternatives, and how to tell if it's working

Short answer

The main sleep apnea treatment options are CPAP, custom oral appliances, positional therapy, weight loss (including the drug tirzepatide for adults with obesity), surgery, and Inspire nerve stimulation. CPAP works best when worn, but about 1 in 3 people don't use it enough, so good CPAP alternatives matter. On CPAP, a residual AHI under 5 events per hour is the usual goal, and a repeat sleep test tells you how well other treatments are working.

If CPAP has been hard for you, it's not a character flaw, and you're not imagining how difficult it is. A mask, a hose, and a humming machine are a big ask every single night. Struggling with it is one of the most common experiences in sleep medicine, and it is exactly why doctors now have more options than ever.

This article walks through each treatment honestly: how well it works, who it suits, what the studies actually show, and how to read the numbers your machine gives you. It also covers how to tell whether treatment is working in real life, the warning signs that need a doctor soon, and what to ask at your next appointment. If you're not diagnosed yet, start with could I have sleep apnea? and our guide to obstructive sleep apnea symptoms. This article owns the next step: treatment.

How do you know which sleep apnea treatment is right for you?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) means the airway in your throat keeps narrowing or closing while you sleep. Each time it does, breathing becomes shallow (a hypopnea) or stops for 10 seconds or more (an apnea). Your oxygen drops, your brain briefly wakes you to reopen the airway, and you usually don't remember it. It is very common: an estimated 936 million adults aged 30 to 69 worldwide have at least mild OSA, and 425 million have moderate to severe OSA (doi.org). In the US, it affects about 17% of women and 34% of men (doi.org).

Doctors grade severity with the apnea-hypopnea index, or AHI: the average number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. Studies commonly use these bands (doi.org):

• Under 5 — Normal range

• 5 to 15 — Mild

• 15 to 30 — Moderate

• Over 30 — Severe

Treatment choice rests on four things: how severe your apnea is, how sleepy or unwell it makes you, what your airway and jaw look like, and what you'll actually use. A 2020 review in JAMA lists the effective treatments as weight loss and exercise, positive airway pressure, oral appliances that hold the jaw forward, and surgery on the throat's soft tissues or facial skeleton, with hypoglossal nerve stimulation for selected patients (doi.org). The same review notes that people with minimal symptoms and no driving risk can often start with behavioral steps like weight loss and exercise, while PAP is recommended for people with excessive sleepiness.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) describes OSA as a chronic disease that needs long-term care, and says the severity has to be measured before treatment starts, both to choose the right option and to have a baseline for judging whether it works (doi.org). In plain words: you and your doctor pick a first option, measure, and adjust. It's rarely one decision made once.

Is CPAP worth it?

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) is a bedside machine that blows gently pressurized air through a mask. The air acts like an invisible splint, holding your airway open so it can't collapse. The AASM strongly recommends PAP for adults with OSA and excessive sleepiness, and suggests it for people whose apnea hurts their sleep-related quality of life or who also have high blood pressure (doi.org). Either fixed-pressure CPAP or auto-adjusting APAP, which changes the pressure through the night, is recommended for ongoing treatment.

So is CPAP worth it? For symptoms, the evidence is strong, and it depends heavily on how many hours you wear it.

It works in a dose-response way. In a study of 149 people with severe OSA, the more hours per night people used CPAP, the more likely they were to return to normal levels of sleepiness and daily functioning. Further gains leveled off above about 4 hours a night for subjective sleepiness, about 6 hours for objective sleepiness, and about 7.5 hours for daily functioning (doi.org). More hours meant more benefit, up to a point.

It's linked to safer driving. People with untreated OSA have a higher crash risk; a meta-analysis estimated the crash-rate ratio is likely between 1.21 and 4.89 (doi.org). In 9 observational studies, crash risk after starting CPAP was about 72% lower than before (risk ratio 0.278). Daytime sleepiness improved after a single night of treatment, and simulated driving improved within 2 to 7 days (doi.org).

It has not been shown to prevent heart attacks and strokes. This is where honesty matters. The SAVE trial randomized 2,717 adults aged 45 to 75 with moderate to severe OSA and existing heart or blood vessel disease. After an average of 3.7 years, CPAP did not reduce cardiovascular events: 17.0% in the CPAP group versus 15.4% with usual care. One big caveat: people used CPAP for an average of only 3.3 hours a night. And most participants were men with little daytime sleepiness, so the results may not apply to sleepy patients or to women. CPAP did reduce snoring and daytime sleepiness and improved quality of life and mood (doi.org). The JAMA review reached the same overall conclusion: PAP lowers blood pressure, especially in people with hard-to-control hypertension, but trials haven't shown fewer heart attacks or strokes (doi.org). If you're worried about blood pressure, see what causes high blood pressure.

The fair summary: CPAP is worth it if you're sleepy, foggy, drive, or feel unwell, and if you can wear it for most of the night. It is a treatment for how you feel and function, and it makes you safer on the road. It isn't a guaranteed shield for your heart. What people often notice first is described in what changes in your body after starting CPAP.

Why so many people quit CPAP, and the fixes worth trying first

CPAP's big weakness is not how well it works but how often it's used. When adherence is defined as more than 4 hours a night, studies report that 46% to 83% of people with OSA don't reach it (doi.org). A review of 82 studies over 20 years found an overall non-adherence rate of 34.1%, with no real improvement over time. Behavioral support, like coaching and education, added about 1 hour of use per night on average (doi.org).

The first few days matter most: the decision to embrace CPAP tends to happen early in treatment (doi.org). That's why the AASM recommends education when you start, and suggests troubleshooting support and remote monitoring during the first weeks (doi.org). Before you give up on CPAP, work through the common problems with your provider:

• The mask leaks or feels claustrophobic. There are full-face masks, nasal masks, and slim nasal-pillow masks that sit just under the nose. Switching style solves many leaks and closed-in feelings.

• Your nose or mouth dries out. A heated humidifier and heated tubing often fix it. A chin strap or a full-face mask can help if you breathe through your mouth.

• The pressure feels like too much as you fall asleep. A "ramp" setting starts low and builds up slowly. An APAP machine gives only as much pressure as you need moment to moment.

• Noise or the hose bothers you. Modern machines are quiet, and the hose can be routed above the headboard.

• You keep pulling it off at night. Start with naps or an hour of reading with the mask on, then build up.

Many people who "failed" CPAP had the wrong mask and never went back to change it. But if you have genuinely tried and it doesn't work for you, that's a legitimate reason to discuss CPAP alternatives, not a reason to go untreated.

What does AHI on CPAP mean?

Most modern CPAP machines report how many hours you used them, how much the mask leaked, and a residual AHI: the estimated number of breathing events per hour that still happened while you wore it. This is the number people search for as "AHI on CPAP."

The target is under 5. In AASM guidance for setting CPAP pressure during an in-lab titration study, an optimal setting brings breathing events below 5 per hour and a good one brings them to 10 or fewer. Doctors use similar cut-offs when reading your machine's residual AHI (doi.org). So a residual AHI consistently under 5 on your machine is a good sign that the pressure is doing its job.

Read it with care. An American Thoracic Society statement found that machines track usage reliably, but residual events and leak are harder to interpret, and each manufacturer defines them differently. Very high or very low values are the meaningful ones (doi.org). The machine estimates events from airflow alone; it's not a full sleep study.

A practical way to read your app or report:

• Residual AHI under 5 most nights: the pressure is working. Focus on wearing it long enough.

• Residual AHI often 5 to 10: worth mentioning at your next visit, especially if you still feel sleepy.

• Residual AHI above 10, or suddenly higher than usual: contact your provider. Pressure, mask fit, weight change, or a new medication could be the cause.

• Large leak: a leaking mask can make residual AHI unreliable and treatment less effective. Refit or change the mask.

• Hours of use: remember the dose-response data. Four hours helps; six to seven hours helps more (doi.org).

If you track oxygen with a consumer device and see dips, our guide to low blood oxygen explains what those numbers can and can't tell you. Bring the reports to your doctor rather than adjusting pressure yourself.

What are the best CPAP alternatives?

There is no single "best" CPAP alternative. The best one is the one that controls your apnea and that you'll actually use. Here is how the main options compare:

The next sections go through each one with the evidence behind these numbers.

Does a mouth guard for sleep apnea work?

Yes, if it's the right kind. An oral appliance for sleep apnea (also called a mandibular advancement device) looks like a sports mouth guard. It holds your lower jaw slightly forward, which pulls the tongue and soft tissues away from the back of the throat.

The AASM and the American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine recommend that sleep doctors consider an oral appliance, rather than no treatment, for adults with OSA who can't tolerate CPAP or who prefer another option (doi.org). The same guideline sets clear conditions:

• A qualified dentist should use a custom, titratable appliance rather than a non-custom device. "Titratable" means it can be advanced in small steps until it controls your apnea.

• A dentist should follow up to watch for dental side effects and changes in your bite.

• Your sleep doctor should do a follow-up sleep test to confirm the appliance is working.

• You should return for periodic visits with both the dentist and the sleep doctor.

The over-the-counter "boil-and-bite" mouth guards sold for snoring are not the same thing, and a guideline-backed treatment plan doesn't use them for OSA. Snoring can stop while apnea continues, which is why the follow-up test matters.

How does it compare with CPAP? In a randomized crossover trial of 126 people with moderate to severe OSA, CPAP lowered the AHI more (to 4.5 events per hour versus 11.1 with the appliance). But people reported wearing the appliance longer: 6.5 hours a night versus 5.2 hours for CPAP. After one month on each, the health outcomes were similar. Neither treatment lowered blood pressure overall, while both improved sleepiness, driving simulator performance, and disease-specific quality of life by similar amounts (doi.org). The researchers' explanation: CPAP's greater power was offset by lower use.

That's the core logic of oral appliances. An appliance worn all night can beat a stronger treatment that sits in a drawer. For severe apnea, though, CPAP usually remains the first choice.

What is positional sleep apnea, and does sleeping on your side help?

Positional sleep apnea means your airway collapses much more when you sleep on your back than on your side. It is common, especially in milder cases. In a study of sleep-clinic patients, positional apnea was found in 49.5% of people with mild OSA, 19.4% with moderate OSA, and 6.5% with severe OSA (doi.org). Your sleep study report usually shows AHI by body position, so ask whether yours is much higher on your back.

Positional therapy keeps you off your back. Options range from special pillows and semi-rigid backpacks to small vibrating devices worn on the chest or neck that buzz when you roll onto your back. A Cochrane review of 8 randomized trials with 323 participants found (doi.org):

• Compared with no treatment, positional therapy lowered AHI by about 7.4 events per hour and slightly improved daytime sleepiness.

• Compared with CPAP, it was less effective: CPAP lowered AHI by about 6.4 more events per hour.

• People reported using positional therapy about 2.5 hours a night longer than CPAP in one study.

• All studies were short, so long-term results are unknown.

Positional therapy is a reasonable main treatment for some people with mild positional apnea, and a useful add-on to an oral appliance or weight loss for others. It won't help much if your apnea is severe in every position.

Can losing weight fix sleep apnea?

For many people with overweight or obesity, weight loss is one of the most powerful treatments, and sometimes it's enough to put apnea into remission. Extra fat around the neck and tongue narrows the airway, and fat around the belly reduces lung volume, which makes the airway easier to collapse.

In a Wisconsin cohort of 690 adults followed over 4 years, a 10% weight loss predicted about a 26% drop in AHI. A 10% weight gain predicted about a 32% rise, and a sixfold increase in the odds of developing moderate to severe apnea (doi.org). This was observational, so it shows a strong link, not proof of cause, but randomized trials point the same way.

In the Sleep AHEAD trial, 264 adults with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and OSA were randomized to an intensive lifestyle program or diabetes education. After 1 year, the lifestyle group lost 10.8 kg versus 0.6 kg, and their AHI fell by 9.7 more events per hour. More than three times as many people in the lifestyle group had complete remission, and people who lost 10 kg or more had the biggest improvements (doi.org). At 4 years, remission was 20.7% with the lifestyle program versus 3.6% with education, and the AHI benefit largely held even though people regained almost half the weight (doi.org).

Two honest points. Weight loss takes months, so most people with moderate to severe apnea need another treatment in the meantime. And apnea can come back if weight returns, so a retest is worth doing after big changes in either direction. Midlife hormone shifts can also change apnea risk, which we cover in sleep and hormones in midlife.

Is there a medication for sleep apnea? Tirzepatide (Zepbound)

Until recently, there was no approved drug for OSA. On December 20, 2024, the US FDA approved tirzepatide (brand name Zepbound) for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity, to be used together with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity (fda.gov). It is a weekly injection that acts on two gut hormone receptors (GIP and GLP-1) and works mainly through weight loss.

The approval rests on the SURMOUNT-OSA program: two 52-week randomized trials in 469 adults with moderate to severe OSA and obesity. One trial enrolled people not using PAP, the other people staying on PAP (doi.org). Average starting AHI was about 50 events per hour, and average BMI was about 39.

• AHI: fell by 25.3 events per hour in the no-PAP trial (versus 5.3 with placebo) and by 29.3 in the PAP trial (versus 5.5), a drop of roughly 51% to 59%.

• Weight: fell by 17.7% and 19.6% on average, versus 1.6% and 2.3% with placebo.

• Near-resolution: 42% and 50% of people on tirzepatide reached an AHI under 5, or 5 to 14 without significant daytime sleepiness, versus 16% and 14% on placebo.

• Side effects: mostly gastrointestinal and mostly mild to moderate.

The FDA lists nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation as common side effects. The drug should not be used by people with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or a condition called MEN2, and it carries warnings about pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, and other risks (fda.gov).

What this means for you: tirzepatide is a real, evidence-based option if you have obesity and moderate to severe OSA. It's a prescription decision you make with your doctor, who will weigh your health history, cost, and coverage. It isn't a replacement for CPAP on day one; many people will keep using PAP or an appliance while the weight comes off, then retest.

How does Inspire sleep apnea treatment work, and who qualifies?

Inspire is the best-known brand of hypoglossal nerve stimulation, also called upper airway stimulation. A small device is implanted under the skin of the chest, a bit like a pacemaker. A sensing lead detects your breathing, and a stimulation lead on the hypoglossal nerve gently pushes the tongue forward with each breath while you sleep. You turn it on with a remote at bedtime. There's no mask and no air pressure.

In the STAR trial, 126 people who couldn't accept or stick with CPAP received the implant. At 12 months, their median AHI fell 68%, from 29.3 to 9.0 events per hour, and the oxygen desaturation index fell 70%. When a group of responders had the device switched off for a week, their AHI jumped back to 25.8, while those who kept it on stayed at 8.9. Procedure-related serious adverse events occurred in less than 2% (doi.org). This was an uncontrolled study funded by the manufacturer, which is worth knowing. At 5 years, 75% of the 71 people who had a follow-up sleep study still met the response definition (AHI cut by at least 50% and under 20). Counting everyone who started, including dropouts, the estimate was 63%. Normal sleepiness scores rose from 33% to 78% of patients (doi.org).

Who qualifies? The STAR trial enrolled people with a BMI of 32 or less. In June 2023, the FDA expanded the approved indication. For adults 22 and older, Inspire is approved for moderate to severe OSA with an AHI from 15 to 100, a BMI up to 40, when PAP has failed or can't be tolerated, and when the soft palate doesn't show a complete ring-shaped (concentric) collapse. People aged 18 to 21 with an AHI of 15 to 100 can also qualify if they aren't candidates for tonsil and adenoid removal and other standard treatments have been considered. There is a separate indication for adolescents aged 13 to 18 with Down syndrome and severe OSA (fda.gov). Checking the collapse pattern usually means a short procedure called drug-induced sleep endoscopy, where a doctor looks at your airway while you're sedated.

Inspire is a considered step, not a first-line fix. But for someone who has truly tried CPAP and fits the criteria, it can be the thing that finally works.

What sleep apnea surgery options are there?

Surgery aims to make the airway bigger or less collapsible. The AASM's 2021 guideline recommends that doctors discuss referral to a sleep surgeon with adults whose BMI is under 40 and who can't tolerate or don't accept PAP. It recommends discussing referral to a bariatric (weight-loss) surgeon for adults with a BMI of 35 or higher who can't tolerate or don't accept PAP. It also suggests a surgical opinion for people whose PAP use is limited by pressure-related side effects (doi.org). For people with a major structural abnormality of the upper airway, the guideline suggests trying PAP first before considering surgery.

The main surgical options include:

• Soft-tissue surgery on the tonsils, soft palate, or tongue base, usually chosen based on where your airway collapses.

• Nasal surgery, such as fixing a deviated septum. It rarely cures apnea on its own but can make CPAP more comfortable.

• Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), which moves the upper and lower jaws forward to enlarge the whole airway. In a meta-analysis of 45 studies with 518 patients, the AHI fell by an average of about 80%. Surgical success (AHI cut by more than half and under 20) was 85.5%, and cure (AHI under 5) was 38.5%. Most patients (73.5% of those with data) had already had other apnea surgery (doi.org).

• Hypoglossal nerve stimulation, covered above.

• Bariatric surgery for people with severe obesity.

Surgery results vary a lot from person to person. Always ask the surgeon what "success" means in their numbers, and plan a sleep test afterward.

Other things that help: alcohol, throat exercises, and your nose

These won't treat moderate to severe apnea alone, but they make every other treatment work better.

Evening alcohol. Alcohol relaxes the throat muscles. A meta-analysis of 21 studies found that higher alcohol intake was linked to a 25% higher risk of sleep apnea (doi.org). If you see a higher residual AHI on nights you drink, that's a useful pattern to note. We cover the rest of alcohol's overnight effects in alcohol, HRV, heart rate and sleep.

Mouth and throat exercises. Myofunctional therapy trains the tongue and throat muscles. In a meta-analysis of 9 small adult studies (120 patients), AHI fell from an average of 24.5 to 12.3 events per hour. The authors suggest it as an add-on to other treatments (doi.org). The studies were small, so don't use it in place of proven treatment.

Your nose. Treating allergies or congestion won't cure apnea, but a blocked nose makes CPAP masks and oral appliances harder to tolerate. It's worth raising with your doctor.

Can sleep apnea be cured?

Sometimes, but often it's managed rather than cured. The AASM describes OSA as a chronic disease needing long-term care (doi.org). CPAP, oral appliances, positional devices, and Inspire only work on the nights you use them. When responders in the STAR trial had their stimulator turned off, apnea came straight back (doi.org).

Remission is possible in some situations. In Sleep AHEAD, about 1 in 5 people in the lifestyle group were in remission at 4 years (doi.org). In the MMA meta-analysis, 38.5% reached an AHI under 5 after jaw surgery (doi.org). And about half of people on tirzepatide in the trial with PAP users reached an AHI under 5, or 5 to 14 without significant sleepiness (doi.org). Only a repeat sleep test can tell you whether your apnea is gone.

Combining treatments and setting realistic expectations

Two ideas save people a lot of frustration. The first is that treatments stack. The strongest results often come from a primary therapy plus changes that target the drivers: an oral appliance plus side-sleeping, or CPAP plus weight loss and less evening alcohol. Someone whose apnea is partly positional and partly weight-related may find that losing some weight lets a milder treatment do the job. It's normal for a plan to have two or three parts.

The second is about expectations. Treatment that works should give you back restful sleep and daytime function, but improvement can be gradual. It can take a few weeks of consistently better nights before the built-up sleep debt clears. It's also normal to need adjustments: pressure retuned, mask swapped, appliance advanced a little further. Apnea can change over time with weight, age, or menopause, so a plan that worked two years ago may need revisiting. None of that means treatment failed. The real mistake would be quietly putting up with a treatment that isn't helping, or stopping one that is because you can't feel the benefit day to day.

How to tell if your treatment is working

The goal of treatment isn't wearing a device for its own sake. It's restorative sleep and the return of daytime energy. So you need more feedback than "I wore it."

Objective signs from your treatment:

• Residual AHI on your CPAP consistently under 5 (doi.org).

• Enough hours of use, ideally most of the night (doi.org).

• A follow-up sleep test showing control, which the AASM recommends for oral appliances (doi.org) and which is standard after surgery or major weight loss.

How you feel and function:

• Waking up refreshed rather than wrecked, and needing fewer naps.

• Less brain fog and better concentration.

• Morning headaches fading.

• Your bed partner noticing less snoring and fewer pauses.

Signals a wearable can add: a more regular sleep schedule, a resting heart rate that settles during the night, and heart rate variability (HRV, the beat-to-beat variation that reflects how relaxed your nervous system is) that trends upward over weeks. These are non-specific. They reflect recovery in general, not your AHI, so read the multi-week trend rather than a single night. Our guides to HRV during sleep and normal resting heart rate explain what those numbers mean.

If a month goes by with good machine numbers but you still feel exhausted, that's important information. It could mean you need more hours of use, a leak fix, a pressure change, or a check for another cause of fatigue, like insomnia, low iron, thyroid problems, or depression. See why 8 hours of sleep can still leave you tired.

When to see a doctor: red flags

Contact your doctor soon if:

• You feel drowsy while driving, or have nodded off or nearly crashed. Untreated apnea is linked to higher crash risk, and CPAP use to lower risk (doi.org) (doi.org). Don't drive drowsy while you wait.

• You've stopped using your treatment, or use it only a few hours a night.

• Your residual AHI is regularly above 10 or suddenly jumps.

• Snoring, gasping, or sleepiness return after weight gain, a new medication, pregnancy, or menopause.

• You have jaw pain or bite changes from an oral appliance.

• You have new swelling in the legs, worsening shortness of breath, an irregular heartbeat, or blood pressure that stays high despite treatment.

Call emergency services for chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, or sudden weakness, numbness, facial droop, or trouble speaking.

How to bring this up with your doctor — and what to ask for

Say it plainly. "I've been using CPAP for three months and I can't get past two hours a night" or "I want to know my options besides CPAP" is a complete, useful opening. Doctors can only change the plan if they know it isn't working.

Bring context. Bring your machine's usage and residual AHI reports, your sleep study, and a few weeks of notes: hours of use, how you felt in the morning, nights you drank alcohol, and any sleep tracker trends. A pattern is much more persuasive than "it's not great."

Ask these specifically.

• What was my AHI, and is my apnea much worse on my back?

• Would a different mask, a humidifier, or APAP help me?

• Am I a candidate for a custom oral appliance? Can you refer me to a dentist trained in sleep medicine?

• Would weight loss or tirzepatide make sense for me, and should I keep using CPAP meanwhile?

• Do I meet the criteria for Inspire or a surgical consultation?

• When should I have a follow-up sleep test?

If you are dismissed. "I've genuinely tried CPAP and I'm not using it enough to benefit. I'd rather be on an alternative than untreated. Can we discuss referral to a sleep specialist, sleep dentist, or sleep surgeon?" The AASM guidelines support these discussions for people who can't tolerate PAP (doi.org) (doi.org).

How Welltory helps

Welltory can't diagnose sleep apnea, measure your AHI, or read your blood oxygen, and it doesn't replace your machine's reports or your doctor's follow-up. What it can do is help you answer the question that's hardest to judge from memory: is this treatment actually making my life better?

Welltory tracks the signals that reflect real recovery: how regular and long your sleep is, your resting heart rate, your HRV, your daily stress load, and your morning energy. Everything is compared with your own baseline, not a population average. When treatment starts working, those are the numbers that tend to shift over a few weeks.

The most useful feature for apnea treatment is My Patterns. Add a simple note each morning, such as "CPAP all night," "CPAP off at 2 a.m.," "no CPAP," "appliance," or "wine with dinner." After a few weeks, you can compare your own trends on CPAP nights versus non-CPAP nights: morning energy, resting heart rate, HRV, and stress the next day. Seeing a clear difference can be the motivation to keep going when the mask is annoying. Seeing no difference is a concrete reason to go back to your provider and adjust, rather than quietly giving up.

Bring that timeline to your appointment alongside your machine data. It won't tell your doctor your AHI, but it shows how treatment is landing in your real life.

How we made it

The clinical content is based on published guidelines, trials, and meta-analyses: AASM guidelines on positive airway pressure (Patil et al. 2019), oral appliance therapy (Ramar et al. 2015), surgical referral (Kent et al. 2021), PAP titration (Kushida et al. 2008), and long-term OSA care (Epstein et al. 2009); the American Thoracic Society statement on CPAP tracking (Schwab et al. 2013); prevalence estimates (Benjafield et al. 2019) and a clinical review (Gottlieb & Punjabi 2020); CPAP dose-response and adherence research (Weaver et al. 2007; Weaver & Grunstein 2008; Rotenberg et al. 2016); the SAVE cardiovascular trial (McEvoy et al. 2016); driving risk meta-analyses (Tregear et al. 2009, 2010); an oral appliance versus CPAP trial (Phillips et al. 2013); positional apnea (Mador et al. 2005; Srijithesh et al. 2019); weight change and weight loss (Peppard et al. 2000; Foster et al. 2009; Kuna et al. 2013); the SURMOUNT-OSA tirzepatide trials (Malhotra et al. 2024) and the FDA approval notice (2024); hypoglossal nerve stimulation (Strollo et al. 2014; Woodson et al. 2018) and the FDA's 2023 Inspire approval; maxillomandibular advancement (Zaghi et al. 2016); alcohol (Simou et al. 2018); and myofunctional therapy (Camacho et al. 2015). This article does not use Welltory user data.

Discounts for blog readers: up to 36% off

See what affects your energy, stress, sleep, and daily state with Welltory

Explore your data